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History of Medieval India

History of Medieval India

EnglishHistory6 free notes

Sultanates, empires and the Bhakti–Sufi movements that reshaped India.

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About this subject

Medieval Indian history covers the period from the early Rajput kingdoms to the decline of the Mughals. Exams focus on dynasties, administration, revenue systems, architecture and religious movements.

Useful for

SSC CGLSSC CHSLRRB NTPCUPSCRajasthan CETRajasthan Patwari

Important points

  1. 1

    Muhammad bin Qasim invaded Sindh in 712 CE — the first Arab invasion of India.

  2. 2

    In the Second Battle of Tarain (1192), Muhammad Ghori defeated Prithviraj Chauhan.

  3. 3

    Qutb-ud-din Aibak founded the Delhi Sultanate (Slave/Mamluk dynasty) in 1206.

  4. 4

    Iltutmish introduced the silver tanka and copper jital; Razia Sultan was the first woman ruler of Delhi.

  5. 5

    Alauddin Khalji introduced market control and the branding of horses (dagh).

  6. 6

    Muhammad bin Tughlaq shifted his capital to Daulatabad and introduced token currency.

  7. 7

    The Vijayanagara Empire was founded in 1336 by Harihara and Bukka; Krishnadevaraya was its greatest ruler.

  8. 8

    The Bahmani Sultanate was founded in 1347 by Alauddin Hasan Bahman Shah.

  9. 9

    In the First Battle of Panipat (1526), Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodi and founded Mughal rule.

  10. 10

    Akbar introduced the Mansabdari system and started Din-i-Ilahi in 1582.

  11. 11

    Shah Jahan built the Taj Mahal in Agra and the Red Fort in Delhi.

  12. 12

    Shivaji was crowned Chhatrapati at Raigad in 1674.

Topic-wise notes

SSC-level notes — tap a topic to open it.

01Arab and Turkish invasions
02Delhi Sultanate — five dynasties
03Sultanate administration and economy
04Vijayanagara and Bahmani kingdoms
05Bhakti and Sufi movements
06Mughal Empire — Babur to Aurangzeb
07Mughal administration, mansabdari and art
08Rise of the Marathas

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How to study

  1. 1

    Learn the dynasties in order with their key rulers and important years.

  2. 2

    Make a comparison table of administration and revenue systems across empires.

  3. 3

    Link monuments to the ruler who built them — a favourite question type.

  4. 4

    Revise with the free handwritten notes on this page, then practise MCQs.

Preparation tip

Revenue terms (iqta, mansab, zabt) and "who built what" questions repeat often — revise them as flash cards.

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