Biology

Biology

EnglishScience

Cells, the human body and life around us.

About this subject

Biology covers living organisms — from cells to the human body, plants and diseases. It carries good weight in Railway and SSC papers and is largely fact-based.

Useful for

RRB Group DRRB NTPCSSC CGLSSC GDREETCTET

Important points

  1. 1

    The cell was discovered by Robert Hooke in 1665.

  2. 2

    Mitochondria are called the powerhouse of the cell.

  3. 3

    An adult human has 206 bones; the femur is the longest and the stapes (ear) the smallest.

  4. 4

    Normal blood pressure is about 120/80 mmHg and normal body temperature 37 °C (98.6 °F).

  5. 5

    The liver is the largest gland in the human body.

  6. 6

    Red blood cells live about 120 days and are formed in the bone marrow.

  7. 7

    O negative is the universal donor blood group; AB positive is the universal recipient.

  8. 8

    Vitamin deficiencies: A — night blindness, B1 — beriberi, C — scurvy, D — rickets.

  9. 9

    Insulin is secreted by the pancreas (islets of Langerhans); its deficiency causes diabetes.

  10. 10

    Malaria is caused by the protozoan Plasmodium and spread by the female Anopheles mosquito.

  11. 11

    Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplasts of green plants.

  12. 12

    The double-helix structure of DNA was described by Watson and Crick in 1953.

Topic-wise notes

SSC-level notes — tap a topic to open it.

01Cell structure and tissues
02Classification of living organisms
03Human digestive, respiratory and circulatory systems
04Nervous, excretory and skeletal systems
05Nutrition, vitamins and deficiency diseases
06Diseases, vaccines and immunity
07Plant physiology
08Genetics and heredity basics

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How to study

  1. 1

    Study each human body system with a labelled diagram.

  2. 2

    Make a vitamin–source–deficiency table.

  3. 3

    List diseases with their cause (virus, bacteria, protozoa) and affected organ.

  4. 4

    Watch the short videos on cells and tissues, then attempt a topic quiz.

Preparation tip

Vitamins, diseases and human body facts form the bulk of Biology questions — revise them as tables.

What GoodStudy Pro unlocks

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Mind maps

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Daily practice

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