Science and Technology

Important points

1. 1

   ISRO was founded in 1969 and is headquartered in Bengaluru; Vikram Sarabhai is called the father of the Indian space programme.

2. 2

   Aryabhata, India's first satellite, was launched in 1975.

3. 3

   Chandrayaan-3 landed near the lunar south pole on 23 August 2023 — India was the first country to land there.

4. 4

   Aditya-L1 (2023) is India's first solar mission, placed near the L1 point.

5. 5

   Mangalyaan (Mars Orbiter Mission, 2013) made India the first country to reach Mars orbit on its first attempt.

6. 6

   PSLV and GSLV are ISRO's main launch vehicles.

7. 7

   Agni and Prithvi are ballistic missiles; BrahMos is a supersonic cruise missile developed with Russia.

8. 8

   Dr A.P.J. Abdul Kalam is known as the "Missile Man of India".

9. 9

   Homi J. Bhabha is the father of India's nuclear programme; India's first nuclear test was at Pokhran in 1974.

10. 10

    UPI was launched in 2016 by NPCI.

11. 11

    CRISPR-Cas9 is a gene-editing technology.

12. 12

    Covaxin, by Bharat Biotech, was India's indigenous COVID-19 vaccine.

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